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An Introduction to Giving and Receiving in Japanese

Learn Japanese fast! Talking about give and take in Japanese can be a bit confusing. That’s why you’re embarking on this exciting four-part series that will introduce you to the right way to do it. You might want to say, “I got a gift from his girlfriend” or “I got this from my dad.” In order to say these sentences correctly, there are some basic things you need to learn first. This low-intermediate Japanese article introduces you to ageru, kureruY moral, the Japanese verbs of giving and receiving. Who the speaker and addressee are determine which verb to use. In this article, learn the difference between these three verbs. In the next three articles, you’ll master the uses of each verb to ensure your Japanese is on point. If you get confused, there are plenty of helpful examples to follow along with.

Vocabulary: In this article, you will learn the following words and phrases:

shin’yuu – “best friend”
getabako – “Shoemaker”
Tegami – “letter”
ochiru – “fall, fall”
taikukan – “gym”
ura – “back, reverse”
jinsei – “life”
hazukashi – “ashamed, ashamed”
todokeru – “deliver, take, bring”
renzoku – “successively, in a row”
hatsu – “first time”

Grammar: In this article, you will learn the following words and phrases:

Today’s grammatical point is the verbs of giving and receiving, which are aged, kureru, moral. Japanese has two verbs to give, aged Y kureru. Which one you choose depends on the direction of the transaction.

Ageru is a class two verb that we use to express that someone gives something to someone. When a thing moves away from the speaker, you generally use the verb aged. This rule also applies when you are the giver and someone else is the receiver, and both the giver and the receiver are others. Please review the examples below. The giver is the subject and is marked by the particle. wow Prayed Georgiawhile the receptor is marked by the particle neither. The item being delivered is marked with the item marker. oh.

kureru it is a class two verb meaning “to give”, but we can only use it when the receiver is the speaker or someone the speaker thinks is psychologically close to the speaker (in a group). In other words, you use the verb kureru when a thing moves towards the speaker or someone psychologically close. The giver, the receiver and the object that is given are marked by the same particles that aged. If the giver is “others” and the receiver is “you”, the receiver must be very close psychologically to the speaker. If the speaker takes a psychological distance from the receiver, use aged instead of kureru.

Today’s example 1 below, which has the verb aged, expresses that Natsuko is asking Keisuke (“you”) to give the chocolate to Koji (“others”). Thus, the chocolate passes from “you” to “others”. From the speaker’s point of view, others is farther than your psychologically. When a thing moves away from you, you use the verb aged.

  • Today’s Example 1: Kono chokoreeto or Koji-kun ni agete. “Please give this chocolate to Koji.”

kureru in today’s example 2 below, it expresses that Natsuko (“others”) is going to give me the chocolate. Therefore, the chocolate moves from
others to the speaker When something moves towards the speaker,
we use kureru.

  • Example 2 from today: Mineral ni Natsuko-chan ga chokoreeto o kureru! “Natsuko will give me chocolate!”

Transactions that are described using the verb kureru can also be described in terms of “receive” or moral. It is a class one verb, and its meaning is close to the English “get” or “receive”. when you use moralthe recipient is the subject of the prize marked by wow Prayed Georgia.

In today’s example 3, the recipient is the speaker, but we omitted it because it is obvious that the speaker receives the chocolate. If we were to reconstruct the theme, it would be Mineral Georgia.

  • Today’s example 3: (EITHER Georgia) Jinsei hatsu no chokoreeto or moral zo! “I’m going to buy the first chocolate of my life.”

When you want to put emphasis on the giver, substitute kureru by moral and mark the container with the particle neither.

For example:

  • Mineral neither jinsei hatsu no chokoreeto o kureru zo! He’s going to give me the first chocolate of my life.

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Training:

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[giver] Washington [receiver] neither [object] or ageru.
[giver] wa(ga) ([receiver] neither) [object] oh kureru.
([receiver] wow (wow) [giver] neither [object] or moral.

Examples:

  • Watashi wa tomodachi ni omamori or ageta. “I gave my friend a talisman.” *Watashi wa tomodachi ni omamori o kureta. (*The prize is incorrect).
  • Tomodachi wa watashi ni omiyage or kureta. “A friend of mine gave me a souvenir.” *Tomodachi wa watashi ni omiyage or ageta. (*The prize is incorrect).
  • Tsuma ga watashi no imto nor tanjbi purezento or kureta. “My wife gave my sister a birthday present.” Watashi wa tomodachi ni omiyage or moratta. “I got a souvenir from a friend of mine.”
  • Taro wa kanojo ni nekkuresu or moratta. “Taro received a necklace from his girlfriend.”

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